Mkangano wamalonda pakati pa China ndi US wakhala chidzudzulo kwa makampani padziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale makampani akuyesera kupewa kupsinjika kwa mitengo kwakanthawi kochepa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha nkhondo yamalonda, ambiri akuganizira mwayi waukulu - kukonzanso njira yogulira zinthu zamtsogolo. Kupanga maukonde ogwirira ntchito osinthasintha kungathandize makampani kuzolowera zomwe makasitomala amayembekezera mwachangu komanso kuteteza ku zoopsa zamtsogolo zandale.
Njira zamakono za kanthawi kochepa zingathandize kuchepetsa kutayika komwe kungachitike. Akuluakulu angapeze ogulitsa atsopano a zipangizo zopangira ndikuchepetsa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, kusuntha kupanga mapangano kupita ku madera ena, kapena kukonzanso kupanga padziko lonse lapansi. Malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa wa Bain, 25% ya akuluakulu a mabizinesi adati akuchotsa ndalama ku China, ndipo 42% adati akuyembekeza kupeza zipangizo kuchokera kumadera ena chaka chamawa. Makampani omwe akusamutsa zina kapena zonse zomwe amapanga kuchokera ku China akuphatikizapo wopanga makamera Olympus ndi wopanga zoseweretsa Hasbro.
Koma vuto lalikulu kwa nthawi yayitali ndikukonzekera njira zogulira zinthu zamtsogolo. Ndi njira yovuta yolinganiza zinthu. Malipiro ku China masiku ano ndi okwera ka 20 kuposa momwe analili mu 1992, zomwe zasintha kupanga zinthu zotsika mtengo kupita kumayiko ena osatukuka ndikupangitsa kuti mizere yopangira zinthu yodzipangira yokha ikhale yokongola kuposa kale. China yayambanso kupanga zinthu ndi ntchito zamtengo wapatali, ndipo ntchito yake yawonjezeka ndi 16% pachaka pazaka 10 zapitazi.
Nthawi yomweyo, zomwe ogula amakonda zomwe zikusintha mwachangu zimapangitsa kuti maunyolo akuluakulu ogulitsa zinthu akhale okwera mtengo, ovuta, komanso osavuta kuopsezedwa ndi zoopsa zomwe zikukula. Ogula amafuna zinthu zomwe zimasankhidwa payekha komanso zosiyanasiyana. Zokonda izi zikukulitsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zilipo. Opanga padziko lonse lapansi akuyamba kuzindikira kuti ndizomveka komanso zanzeru kupanga zinthu zomwe zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi zosowa zamsika. Chofunika kwambiri, izi zimawathandiza kukonza nthawi yopangira zinthu kutengera kusintha kwa kufunikira, m'malo mozifalitsa kwa miyezi ingapo.
Kusintha kwakukulu kwachuma kukusinthiranso misika yapadziko lonse. Ndalama zopangira zikupitirirabe kukhala zofunika, koma kusinthasintha ndi liwiro pamsika ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti pakhale mpikisano. Makampani omwe sangathe kusintha malinga ndi zomwe msika ukufuna kusintha mwachangu amatha kupanga zinthu zolakwika.
Opanga otsogola akugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo watsopano kusintha maunyolo awo ogulitsa kuti athe kuthana ndi nthawi ya kusintha mwachangu komanso kusatsimikizika. Mwachitsanzo, ukadaulo wa digito womwe umathandizira Industry 4.0 ungathandize makampani kukonza magwiridwe antchito opangira kudzera muunyolo wanzeru wamagetsi ogulitsa. Malo ogwirira ntchito okhala ndi mapulogalamu owonjezera a zenizeni kuti aziyang'anira antchito amawonjezera zokolola ndikulola njira zogwirira ntchito zapamwamba. Ngati wantchito atenga bolt yolakwika, makinawo nthawi yomweyo amazindikira cholakwikacho ndikuuza wantchito kuti agwiritse ntchito bolt iti.
Popeza kupita patsogolo kumeneku kukupangitsa kuti ntchito ku United States ndi misika ina yolandira malipiro apamwamba ikhale yogwira mtima kwambiri, malipiro otsika ndi ofunika kwambiri kuposa momwe zinalili zaka makumi awiri zapitazo, pamene makampani akuluakulu adathamangira kukayika ndalama ku China. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani kampani yapadziko lonse yogulitsa zinthu zomwe idayamba kuganiziranso njira yake ya zaka makumi ambiri yoika mafakitale m'malo ochepa otsika mtengo. Oyang'anira kampaniyo adazindikira kuti unyolo wake waukulu wopereka zinthu unali kuchepetsa kusinthasintha kwake ndikuchepetsa liwiro lomwe lingabweretse zatsopano pamsika. Akuluakulu a boma adadandaulanso za zotsatira za ndale, kuphatikizapo mitengo yokwera komanso misonkho ina yomwe ingakhalepo.
Pofuna kuyankha bwino zosowa za msika zomwe zikusintha ndikupanga zinthu zomwe zasinthidwa m'deralo, kampaniyo inayamba kusuntha zina mwazopanga zake pafupi ndi misika yayikulu. Malo atsopano opangira zinthu a kampaniyo ndi ang'onoang'ono koma ali ndi mawonekedwe osinthasintha. Nkhani yabwino: mayankho a digito amathandiza kuchepetsa mtengo wa zopangira zakomweko ndikuwonjezera phindu ndi zoposa 6%.
Mwa kupanga mgwirizano ndi ogulitsa omwe amapereka mphamvu m'maiko ambiri, makampani amatha kusintha kugula kapena kupanga ngati zoopsa zandale kapena zinthu zina zikuwopseza zinthu zomwe zimaperekedwa. Kampani yaukadaulo yapadziko lonse lapansi yapangitsa kuti unyolo wake wopereka zinthu ukhale wolimba kwambiri pogwira ntchito ndi ogulitsa zinthu ndi opanga mapangano kuti apange mphamvu kunja kwa China. Nthawi yomweyo, oyang'anira akufunafuna mwayi mkati mwa netiweki yawo yomwe ilipo kuti agwirizane kupanga ndikugwiritsa ntchito bwino malo ochitira malonda aulere.
Mu 2015, boma la China linayambitsa ndondomeko yotchedwa "Made in China 2025" yomwe cholinga chake ndi kukwaniritsa ulamuliro wapadziko lonse pakupanga zinthu zamakono. Kwa makampani opanga zinthu aku China, dongosololi likutanthauza kuwonjezereka kwa luso komanso kuyang'ana kwambiri pa chuma chanzeru. Kusintha kumeneku, pamodzi ndi mkangano wamalonda pakati pa US ndi China, kwapangitsa makampani ambiri kuganiziranso za njira zawo zoperekera zinthu.
Kampani yaukadaulo yaku China yayamba kusintha njira yake yapadziko lonse yogulira zinthu kuti ikhale yosinthasintha komanso yochepetsera chiopsezo cha ndale. Pofuna kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe zikukwera, kampaniyo ikusuntha zinthu zina kuchokera ku East Coast kupita kumadera akumidzi komwe malipiro ake ndi otsika. Monga gawo la khama lake lomanga unyolo wogulira zinthu mtsogolo, gulu lotsogolera likuchita kafukufuku wa njira zofunira ndi mwayi wogulira zinthu m'misika yomwe ikubwera monga Southeast Asia, Eastern Europe, ndi Latin America.
Makampani ambiri ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana achitapo kanthu kwakanthawi kochepa kuti ateteze mabizinesi awo ku kukwera kwa mitengo ndi kusokonekera kwa zinthu zomwe zachitika chifukwa cha mkangano wamalonda pakati pa US ndi China. Koma atsogoleri amakampani akugwiritsa ntchito vuto la malonda kuti aganizirenso za njira zawo zoperekera zinthu mtsogolo.
Pamene akuyamba kupanga maukonde osinthasintha komanso ogwira ntchito bwino a 2025 ndi kupitirira apo, njira zitatu zofunika zingawathandize kuyang'ana kwambiri kuthetsa mavuto ofunikira kwambiri. Choyamba, atsogoleri akuluakulu amakumana ndi malonda ndi malonda kuti amvetse zomwe makasitomala amayembekezera m'zaka zitatu kapena zisanu zikubwerazi. Makamaka, amatsimikiza kufunika kwa liwiro pamsika kwa makasitomala ndi makampani. Kenako, amakumana ndi atsogoleri a ntchito kuti alosere ndalama zomwe zidzafunike kuti akwaniritse zomwe makasitomala amayembekezera. Pomaliza, makampaniwa amasankha ukadaulo wogulira zinthu, maukonde, ndi mgwirizano kuti athandizire maukonde apadziko lonse lapansi osinthasintha komanso amphamvu.
Magulu a atsogoleri omwe akuyamba ulendowu akudziwa njira zotsatirazi poyesa kufunika kwa maluso angapo ofunikira:
Pobwerera m'mbuyo, makampani ayeneranso kuwunika zoopsa zandale zomwe zingawopseze unyolo wawo wogulira zinthu ndikuwona kuti ndi zinthu ziti zofunika zomwe ziyenera kuthandizidwa. Gulu lililonse la atsogoleri limakumana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana ndipo lili ndi mayankho akeake. Koma mabizinesi opambana ali ndi chinthu chimodzi chofanana: Sayembekezera kuti vuto lotsatira liyambenso.
Jared Lapin ndi mtsogoleri waluso mu ntchito ya Bain & Company yokonza zopanga, yomwe ili mu ofesi ya kampaniyo ku Chicago. Jerry Matthios ndi wachiwiri kwa purezidenti waluso mu ntchito ya Bain & Company yokonza zopanga ndi Advanced Manufacturing and Services, yomwe ili ku Singapore. Raymond Tsang ndi mnzake mu ntchito ya Bain & Company yokonza zopanga, yomwe ili ku Shanghai. Jason Lee ndi mtsogoleri wa gulu la Global Advanced Analytics la Bain & Company, lomwe lili mu ofesi ya Bain & Company ku Los Angeles.
Ngakhale akukumana ndi mavuto azachuma, makampani omwe amayang'ana kwambiri pakuchita bwino ntchito akhoza kukhala patsogolo.
Misonkho yamalonda si nkhani yaikulu chabe. Pamene misonkho ikulimbitsa malamulo okhudza malonda apadziko lonse, makampani ayenera kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu kuti achepetse zoopsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito mwayi.
Kudziwa bwino ntchito pamodzi ndi luso lapamwamba pa ntchito kungapangitse kuti munthu apeze phindu lalikulu kuposa kufunafuna misika ingapo.
Kupita patsogolo kwa zochitika za digito ndi ukadaulo, kuyitanitsa magalimoto amagetsi ndi ntchito zingathandize kwambiri pakuwonjezera kukhulupirika kwa makasitomala.
Timagwira ntchito ndi atsogoleri odzikuza omwe akufuna kukonza tsogolo, osati kulipewa. Pamodzi, timapanga zotsatira zodabwitsa.
Khalani patsogolo m'dziko lomwe likusintha mofulumira. Lembetsani ku Bain Insights, chidziwitso chathu cha mwezi uliwonse cha mavuto akuluakulu omwe mabizinesi padziko lonse lapansi akukumana nawo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-26-2024